Position: Supine, Trendelenburg, airplaned left
Time: 1-2 hours (average)
Blood Loss: Low (10-50 ml)
Post-op Pain: Minimal (1-3)
Maintenance Paralytic: Yes

Emergency Cases – Many of these cases will be emergency cases. In these cases, consider RSI and full stomach.

The patient will be initially intubated, draped, and almost immediately put into the trendelenburg position.

Many of these patients do not need a warming device as they will be febrile.

Laparoscopic cases (general considerations): The patient’s peritoneum is insufflated (which is called a pneumoperitoneum), and instrumentation will be inserted into the abdomen. General anesthesia, ETT tube, and paralytics are necessary. Some of the procedures are rather short, so make sure the timing is right to reverse the paralytic. The pressure in peritoneum affects the organs of that space. Anything more than 10 mmHg will begin to alter hemodynamics. Cardiac output is decreased and SVR is increased. Peak inspiratory pressures rise. Renal vessels will be compressed, which reduces flow to the kidneys, and activates the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). Reduced blood to the kidney means reduced urine output. Peak inspiratory and plateau pressures will also increase. The gas used to insufflate the peritoneum is CO2 – so, as you might guess, hypercarbia can develop – and with it, acidosis. You’ll see this sometimes reflected in the end-tidal CO2. This is all adding to the stress response we try to avoid in anesthesia.