GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs mimic the function of the natural GLP-1 on GLP-1 receptors found in the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system. These agonists are used to regulate weight in cases of obesity and to reduce blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 receptor agonist pharmacological effects include:
- Increased Insulin Secretion: By stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, these medicines assist in regulating blood sugar levels without raising the risk of hypoglycemia that comes with using other diabetic treatments.
- Inhibition of Glucagon Release: This lowers the amount of glucose produced by the liver.
- Delayed Gastric Emptying slows the absorption of nutrients, which helps with weight reduction and fullness.
- Hunger suppression: weight control is done by acting on the central nervous system to decrease hunger.
GLP-1 receptor agonists are widely used because of their therapeutic advantages. However, in the perioperative context, delayed stomach emptying can raise the risk of aspiration, a potentially fatal complication under anesthesia.
| Pharmacologic effect | Clinical consequence |
|---|---|
| Increased insulin secretion | Glucose-dependent, so blood sugar is controlled without the hypoglycemia risk that comes with other diabetic treatments |
| Inhibition of glucagon release | Lowers the amount of glucose produced by the liver |
| Delayed gastric emptying | Slows nutrient absorption and increases fullness; perioperatively this can raise the risk of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration |
| Hunger suppression | Acts on the central nervous system to decrease hunger, supporting weight control |
