In the initial stage of shock, the body begins to show signs of strain due to hypoxia and a switch to anaerobic cellular respiration, resulting in lactic acidosis. Despite these physiological changes, the patient may still appear relatively healthy.
- Hypoxia and Anaerobic Respiration: Leads to lactic acidosis as cells lack oxygen and metabolize energy anaerobically.
- Fluid Loss: Less than 15%, equating to a volume of approximately 100-750 mL.
- Heart Rate (HR): Remains under 100 beats per minute (bpm), except in neurogenic shock, where HR may fall below 60 bpm.
- Blood Pressure (BP): Diastolic BP might rise due to a narrowing pulse pressure, attributed to decreased cardiac output (CO) and increased peripheral vascular resistance.
- Respirations: Generally remain normal during this stage.
- Urinary Output: Maintains at a rate of greater than 30 mL per hour, indicating preserved renal function.
- Skin: Appears warm and pink, suggesting adequate perfusion at this early stage.
- Mental State: The patient is typically normal or might exhibit slight anxiety due to the body's initial stress response.
