This course explores how peripheral nerve injuries develop in the perioperative setting and outlines practical strategies nurse anesthesiologists can use to prevent them through optimized positioning, padding, and patient-specific risk assessment. It reviews the clinical presentation of common nerve injuries (such as ulnar, brachial plexus, radial, sciatic, and common peroneal neuropathies), approaches to postoperative assessment and diagnosis—including the role of EMG and nerve conduction studies—and evidence-based management of neuropathic pain with agents like gabapentin and pregabalin to support recovery and long-term function.