Primary Name: Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius, Panax ginseng)
Other Names: Red berry, sang, and Wisconsin ginseng
Dosage: 1 to 2 g of the root every day or 100 to 200 mg of the extract TID
Indications/Homeopathic Use
- Antidepressant
- Depression
- Diuretic
- Headache
- Healing
- Immune stimulation
- Improve concentration
- Improve stamina
- Insomnia
- Sedative
- Sleep aid
Perioperative Concerns
In animal studies, ginseng has been shown to reduce blood glucose levels, inhibit platelet aggregation, and potentially elevate PT or PTT levels, thereby increasing bleeding risk and diminishing the anticoagulation efficacy of warfarin. Consequently, ginseng is not recommended for patients with heart conditions, hypertension, or diabetes due to its potential to intensify the adverse inotropic and chronotropic effects when used in conjunction with anesthesia medications, including calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, and various opioids administered intraoperatively.
Patients are advised to cease ginseng consumption at least seven days prior to surgery, with a preference for discontinuation at least two weeks in advance of the procedure (Nagelhout & Plaus, 2023).
Additional Information
Ginseng contains active components known as ginsenosides. With around 12 ginsenosides present in small quantities, they are challenging to isolate due to their diverse and opposing structures, classifying ginseng as an adaptogen. This adaptogenic quality endows ginseng with the ability to regulate bodily functions, enhance stamina, and bolster resistance to stress. Additionally, ginsenosides are responsible for ginseng's antiarrhythmic effects, anticoagulant properties, and an increase in fibrinolytic activity. Ginseng is also recognized for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immune-boosting, and antitumor benefits. However, it can negatively affect the heart, exhibiting inotropic and chronotropic actions.
Common side effects reported from ginseng usage include vaginal bleeding, chest pain, headaches, high blood pressure, impotence, nosebleeds, insomnia, nausea, nervousness, palpitations, and vomiting. Ginseng abuse syndrome, characterized by symptoms such as hypertension, sleeplessness, anxiety, restlessness, and diarrhea, can arise from its misuse. Additionally, prolonged intake of ginseng may result in skin eruptions, one feature of the ginseng abuse syndrome.
